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The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) is a significant milestone in the history of international trade. It was signed during the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations conducted under the World Trade Organization (WTO) from 1986 to 1994. The primary objective of the AoA was to liberalize agricultural trade by reducing barriers to trade, increasing market access, and ensuring fair competition.

The AoA came into effect on January 1, 1995, and is often referred to as the “Agreement on Agriculture Year.” It is a comprehensive agreement that covers all aspects of agriculture, including market access, domestic support, and export competition. The agreement aims to create a fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system that benefits both developed and developing countries.

Under the AoA, countries are required to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers on agricultural products, allowing for greater market access. The agreement also seeks to eliminate export subsidies, which can distort trade and disadvantages smaller agricultural producers. Developed countries were given a period of six years to reduce their export subsidies, while developing countries were given ten years.

In addition to reducing trade barriers and subsidies, the AoA also addresses the issue of domestic support. Countries are required to limit their domestic support to agriculture to avoid market distortions. Developed countries were given a limit of 5% of their total agricultural production value, while developing countries were given a limit of 10%.

Overall, the AoA has had a significant impact on international trade in agriculture. It has led to increased market access for agricultural products, facilitated by the reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers. The elimination of export subsidies has helped to level the playing field for smaller agricultural producers and reduce market distortions. The limits on domestic support have also helped to ensure fair competition and prevent market distortions.

In conclusion, the Agreement on Agriculture Year marked a significant milestone in the history of international trade. The AoA seeks to create a fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system that benefits both developed and developing countries. Its provisions on market access, export subsidies, and domestic support have helped to promote fair competition and reduce market distortions.